Tredyffrin Easttown Historical Society Home : Document Collection Home Use the links at the left to return.

Document Collection

References and Notes

The reference labels below have been devised especially for this article. They are grouped as follows:

  • CAR - Carlisle Indian Industrial School
  • D - documents in the TEHS Document database, the number in the label is the document number in the database
  • GPGN - Greater Philadelphia GeoHistory Network
  • LI - Lincoln Institution, followed by a sequential number
  • MFarm - Meade Farm
  • MMC - Mary McHenry Cox, followed by a sequential number
  • SOS - Soldiers’ Orphans School, followed by a sequential number
  • [GPGN] The Philadelphia maps can be found at the Greater Philadelphia GeoHistory Network,
    (https://www.philageohistory.org/tiles/viewer/)
  • [LI1]A lithograph of Lincoln Institution can be found in many of the Superintendent of Soldiers Orphans’ Schools annual reports. 2024 Photograph by Mike Bertram.
  • [LI2] See a list of the documents associated with the Lincoln Institution
    (../LI.php?key1=Lincoln)
  • [LI3] Lithograph of the Educational Home from the 16th Annual Report of the Lincoln Institution, 1888.
    (https://archive.org/details/DKC0239)
  • [LI4] Lincoln Institution Annual Reports for 1867, page 10 and for 1868, page 8.
  • [LI5] For example, donations for 1884 were: One bottle Communion Wine, from Mrs. Evan Randolph; 12 bottles Jayne’s Expectorant, from Dr. D. Jayne & Son; lot of Toys, 1 large Foot Ball, 4 Turkeys, 8 doz. Oranges, 2 bottles Communion Wine, from Mrs. C. H. Clark; large lot of Corn. Cabbage, Beans and Peas, from Lincoln Institution; 1 bottle Communion Wine, from Mrs. A. H. Harrison; lot of Children’s Papers, from Mrs. J. Minis Hays; 1 barrel Apples, from Dr. J. C. Norris; 3 bushels Pea Nuts, 3 boxes Oranges, from Geo Boyd & Son; 1 bottle Communion Wine, from Miss Magee; 1 Iron Sill Strip for front door, from Mr. S. J. Cresswell; lot of Linen for Nursery and Fruit Baskets, from Mrs. Joshua Lippincott: 4 crates Cranberries, 6 Beef Tongues, from Mr. Boraef; 1 box Shellbarks, from Mrs. Ashbridge; 3 doz. Lemons, 6 Sick Wrappers, lot of Handsome Picture Books, 6 pairs Blankets, from Mrs. H. C. Gibson; lot of old Linen, from Mrs. John Pepper; large lot of Celery, from Christy & Rittenhouse; 1 barrel Flour, from L. Knowles & Co.; 1 Foot Ball, 10 New Suits Clothes, lot of New Books, 4 boxes Scrubbing Powder, from Mrs. Ashhurst; 2 suits Clothes, lot of Coats, from Hoyt & Co.; 100 Cocoanuts, from Mr. H. Benners; 2 gallons Whisky, from Mr. H. C. Gibson; 60 lbs. Mince Meat, from Atmore & Son; 6 balls Twine, from H. Mason; 200 labels for Toys, from Mr. John Spence; large lot of Cottage Cheese and Buttermilk, from a friend; donations of money for Easter Eggs, from Mrs. C H. Clark, Mrs. J. D. Lippincott, Mrs. F. A. Dick, Mrs. Gross Mrs. Gibson, Miss Brooks, Miss Israel, Mrs. Wm. Lippincott, Mrs. Richards, Mrs. Randolph; one year’s subscription to ‘The Sheltering Arms’ of New York, ‘The Register of the Philadelphia Society for Organizing Charity,’ and the ‘West Philadelphia Public Telephone,’ from the Editors.
  • [LI6] The Employers’ Google map
    (https://www.the2nomads.site/LIemployers/LImap.html)
  • [LI7] BOYS PADDLED AT THE LINCOLN HOME, Philadelphia Times, 8/18/1881
    (doc799.html)
    And THE ORPHAN’S PLAINTS, Philadelphia Times 8/20/1881
    (doc792.html)
  • [LI8] THE LINCOLN HOME INVESTIGATION, Philadelphia Times 9/28/1881
    (doc794.html)
    ANOTHER VINDICATION, Philadelphia Inquirer 9/24/1881
    (doc796.html)
    REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE, Philadelphia Inquirer, 10/15/1881
    doc800.html
  • [LI9] There are now many books on the Indian Schools in the United States (similar schools existed in Canada), for examples: A Final Promise; the campaign to Assimilate the Indians by Frederick E. Hoxie, University of Nebraska Press, 1984; Kill the Indian, Save the Man; the genocidal impact of American Indian Residential Schools by Ward Churchill, City Light Books, 2004; Education for Extinction; American Indians and the Boarding School Experience, 1875 - 1928 by David Wallace Adams, University Press of Kansas, 1995 and 2020.

    The way the Native Americans were treated was greatly admired by the Nazi Party in the 1930s. A comparison between the United States situation and the Nazi plans can be found in The American West and the Nazi East, a comparative and interpretative perspective by Carroll P. Kakel III, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
  • [LI10] In 2022 the Department of Interior published a Review of the Indian Schools.
    (https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/inline-files/bsi_investigative_report_may_2022_508.pdf?itid=lk_inline_enhanced-template. [last accessed 04/03/2026])

    The Appendices are in a separate document
    (https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/inline-files/appendix_a_b_school_listing_profiles_508.pdf)
  • [LI11] See Indians at Spread Eagle from the Philadelphia Inquirer
    (doc725.html)
    Indian Girl Pupils from the Philadelphia Times
    (doc726.html),
    and Indian Girls at Eagle, also from the Philadelphia Times
    (doc734.html)
  • [LI12] Geronimo’s group was split up on their surrender, the adults being imprisoned in Florida, while the children were sent to Indian schools; but none were sent to the Lincoln Institution.
  • [LI13] Bob Goshorn was the President of the Tredyffrin Easttown Historical Society from 1978 to 1981. In 1987 he wrote an article on Ponemah
    (https://www.tehistory.org/hqda/html/v25/v25n1p020.html)
    The article was Republished in 2009 with additional photographs
    (https://www.tehistory.org/hqda/pdf/v46/v46n4p108.pdf.)
    It was this article that inspired the research into the Lincoln Institution.
  • [LI14] The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow XXII. Hiawatha’s Departure - finale

    Thus departed Hiawatha,
    Hiawatha the Beloved,
    In the glory of the sunset,
    In the purple mists of evening,
    To the regions of the home-wind,
    Of the Northwest-Wind, Keewaydin,
    To the Islands of the Blessed,
    To the Kingdom of Ponemah,
    To the Land of the Hereafter!
  • [LI15] “We Have No Tribes” by Lena Lannutti, The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 1158, #1 (January 2024).
  • [LI16] A list of the Newspaper reports on the Lincoln Institution Phase 3
    (../LI.php?key1=Lincoln&key2=Phase3)
  • [LI17] A list of the Newspaper articles during Phase 4
    (../LI.php?key1=Lincoln&key2=Phase4)
  • [LI18] Photographs of many of the Annual Reports are available. (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Z085Jb5plDROXd0kekk3cSzyakqf2HF6/view)
  • [LI19] A Spreadsheet showing which annual reports are available and links to photos of the reports (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/13ADXRjwtA7g4KbMTsiqtTwxlDwIfjLJg/edit?gid=1379349224#gid=1379349224)
  • [LI20] A spreadsheet containing all the information found about orphans at the Lincoln Institution (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1rhrn0DhddnVrGAt9dUAAxXc1EjAmomVPDWKo6V5vZW4/edit?gid=0#gid=0)
  • [LI21] A spreadsheet containing all the information found about Indians at the Lincoln Institution (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1aAzcy0TGx6N_40PaDb2wOIt6kVzJGCts/edit?gid=1725416739#gid=1725416739)
  • [LI22] 1882 Lincoln Institution Annual Report (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1aAzcy0TGx6N_40PaDb2wOIt6kVzJGCts/edit?gid=1725416739#gid=1725416739)
  • [MFarm]A good example of the way issues were handled is the Meade Farm. This farm of 627 acres was in the Dakotas (now the South Dakota part) and was set up in 1880. Further reports were produced in 1881 and 1882 (see doc 872 for details of the farm). After that entry the annual reports stopped mentioning the farm. The obituary to the farm is in the form of an entry in the 1886 accounts for the payment of back-taxes.
  • [MMC1] A list of published documents concerning Mary McHenry Cox
    (../LI.php?key1=Lincoln&key6=MMC).
  • [MMC2] Mary McHenry Cox’s report on her visit to South Dakota
    (doc914.html)
  • [MMC3] There are 2 images of Mary McHenry Cox that have been located. Firstly there is a engraving as part of a biography in Woman’s Words from 1887, see doc 939. There is also a photograph that appeared for sale on eBay in 2025, acopy can be found in the Image database.
  • See also reference D733, a newspaper report of her marriage.
  • [SOS1] Schools included were: Bridgewater School, Bucks County; Chester Springs, Dayton, Harford, Lincoln Institution, Loysville, Mansfield, McAllisterville, Mercer, Mount Joy, St. Paul’s, Butler County; Soldiers’ Orphan Institute, Uniontown, and White Hall. These schools were segregated. See the Annual Report of the Superintendent of Soldiers’ Orphans for 1881, which includes lithographs of all the schools.
    (https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015069457474&seq=15&q1=bolden&view=1up)
  • [SOS2] A history of the Orphans’ Schools is available as a book The Civil War Soldiers’ Orphan Schools of Pennsylvania, 1864 - 1889 by Dr. O. David and Martha Gold, Pendragon, 2016.
  • See also reference D785.

Version history

  • Version 2.7, 4/26 First HTML version
  • Version 2.8 5/26 various corrections and additions.